Keith Millard, 27, was spotted driving a black Mercedes 320 down the A1 near Peterborough by officers carrying out a speed check.
The police quickly chased after him until Millard was forced to slow down, due to heavy traffic, and officers were able to pull the vehicle over.
Cambridgeshire Police said that when officers got to the car, they found six-month old twins in car seats facing forwards and not secured with seatbelts, a one-year-old girl asleep on the seat between the twins, and a two-year-old boy in the footwell.
WATCH: SHOCKING SPEEDING CAMPAIGN VIDEO SHOWS CHILDREN BEING KILLED BY A SPEEDING CAR
Why had his children been placed in such danger?
According to The Mirror, Millard told officers he was trying to get to Dover in time to board the last ferry to Germany.
Sergeant Gordon Murray said: "It is shocking to think of the danger that Millard put these young children in.
"Not only would any collision, or loss of control, at such speeds have potentially tragic consequences for both the driver and other road users, but the effect on unrestrained toddlers would almost certainly have been fatal."
READ: DANGEROUS DRIVER WHO KNOCKED DOWN CYCLIST SHOCKINGLY CLAIMS HE 'JUST DOESN'T CARE'
"It is only through sheer luck that no-one was injured or killed by his driving and this case should send a strong message that such reckless behaviour will not be tolerated by police or the courts."
Millard, 27, told officers he was trying to get to Dover in time to board the last ferry to Germany after missing a vessel in Hull when he was stopped at about 9.35pm on September 14.
VIDEO: MOTHER CONFRONTS DRUNK DRIVER WHO LEFT HER SON BRAIN DAMAGED
Millard - who was not insured to drive the Mercedes he was found in - has admitted to dangerous driving and driving with no insurance.
He was jailed for 20 weeks at Peterborough Crown Court , as well as banned from driving for three years.